Building Information Modelling (BIM) is one of the most important processes shaping the modern construction industry. Despite common misconceptions, BIM is not a piece of software—it is a collaborative process.
The CITB describes BIM as “a process that encourages collaborative working between all the disciplines involved in design, construction, maintenance, and use of buildings.”
If you’ve studied or worked in construction, you’ve almost certainly come across BIM. For many, the first image that comes to mind is a 3D model of a building—but BIM goes far deeper than that.
A Brief History of BIM
- 1960s–70s: The development of CAD systems allowed architects and engineers to create digital 2D representations of buildings.
- 1980s: CAD evolved to 3D modelling, producing more realistic and detailed designs.
- 1990s: The term “Building Information Modelling” gained prominence, describing not just 3D visuals but also data-rich models containing materials, dimensions, and building properties.
- 1990s–2000s: The industry gradually adopted BIM, recognising benefits such as collaboration, reduced errors, and improved management.
- 2011: The UK government announced that BIM Level 2 would be required for all publicly funded central government projects by 2016, accelerating its adoption across the industry.
Features of BIM
BIM is fundamentally about data and collaboration. It includes details such as:
- Materials
- Dimensions
- Costs
- Schedules
- Energy performance
This data-rich model is shared and updated by architects, engineers, contractors, and facility managers throughout the project lifecycle. The result is a digital twin of the building that grows and adapts with the project.
How It Works
- Shared Access: All stakeholders can view and update the model.
- Collaboration: Teams work together in a common data environment.
- Decision-Making: Real-time updates and insights reduce errors and support better project outcomes.
Benefits of BIM
BIM has transformed how projects are delivered. Some of its key advantages include:
- Improved Visualisation: Clear 3D models help all parties understand the design.
- Enhanced Collaboration: A single, centralised model encourages better communication.
- Error Reduction: Issues are identified early, preventing costly mistakes on-site.
- Cost and Time Savings: Streamlined processes reduce waste and inefficiency.
- Sustainability: Environmental impacts can be modelled and minimised.
BIM Levels of Maturity
The UK measures BIM adoption through levels of maturity:
- Level 0: Unmanaged CAD.
- Level 1: A mix of 2D and/or 3D tools, supported by a Common Data Environment (CDE).
- Level 2: Collaborative BIM, with 3D information fully shared within a CDE (mandated by the UK government in 2016).
- Level 3: Still being defined, but expected to provide single-point collaboration, with potential links to smart cities and emerging technologies.
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If you’re a Quantity Surveyor looking to keep up with BIM and other industry essentials, Metroun Learning is here to help.
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Final Thoughts
BIM is no longer optional—it’s an integral part of how construction projects are designed, delivered, and maintained. From collaboration and cost savings to sustainability and innovation, BIM is helping shape the future of the built environment.
For Quantity Surveyors, understanding BIM is essential, not only for compliance but also for staying competitive in an evolving industry.
